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Deutsch: Brüssel: "Four Strikes" gegen Netzsperren
Last week, the European Parliament took its final vote on the proposed Directive on Child Sexual Exploitation. Parliamentarians voted for a compromise text which rejected the European Commission's proposal to make web blocking mandatory across the EU. The final text creates significant new barriers for Member States who already have introduced lawless blocking systems, such as are currently operated in the Denmark, the UK and Sweden, the home country of the Home Affairs Commissioner, Cecilia Malmström.
Under the Lisbon Treaty, any measure which is regulated by European legislation is subject to the Charter on Fundamental Rights. As a result, from now on, blocking is not only subject to the limitations listed in the Directive (blocking must be based on transparent procedures, must provide adequate safeguards, must be necessary and proportionate and must allow for judicial redress), but also the restrictions listed in Article 52 of the Charter on Fundamental Rights. This requires restrictions to be "provided for by law", to be necessary and to "genuinely meet objectives of general interest". In Sweden, blocking is not provided for by law and, as a result, a reform of the procedures would be necessary to bring them into line with the Directive. Currently, the Swedish system is a case study in the laxity that comes from blocking - the blocking list is only updated every two weeks, despite the fact that most recent research shows that sites only remain online for 12 days.
Also last week, the European Commission adopted its Communication on the "EU response to drugs." The Communication makes reference to the problem of drugs being available via the Internet. However, when the policy of web blocking was discussed at the highest levels in the Commission, a unanimous decision was taken that web blocking would not be an appropriate strategy.
Last month, on 16 September 2011, the European Commission organised an "expert-based workshop" to follow up on the Green Paper on Gambling in the Internal Market. The minutes of that meeting show that even enforcement bodies now recognise that "blocking does not work as an isolated enforcement tool" and, while the regulators still hold on to the theory that blocking may have some positive effect in combination with other strategies, they also concede that this possible benefit is counterbalanced by the fact that "blocking might impact on legitimate business".
Finally, the European Parliament is coming to the end of its deliberations on the same gambling Green Paper. Quite remarkably, after the European Commission devoted a significant section of its document to asking if and how blocking might be useful in fighting illegal gambling websites, the European Parliament studiously ignored the question. In the two "Opinions" prepared by the Economic and Monetary Affairs Committee and the Legal Affairs Committee, the suggestion is not considered worthy of mention. It is also not mentioned in the report of the Committee responsible (the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Committee), with the MEP responsible, Jürgen Creutzmann (ALDE, Germany) being very clear in speeches that he has given on the subject that the experience of blocking in France and Italy shows that blocking has, at best, a marginal impact on achieving its goals.
Final Parliament report on child exploitation (27.10.2011)
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=TA&language=EN&...
Charter on Fundamental Rights
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf
Average removal time for child abuse sites
https://publicaffairs.linx.net/news/?cat=20
European Commission Communication on Drugs (25.11.2011)
http://ec.europa.eu/justice/newsroom/anti-drugs/news/20111025_en.htm
Expert meeting on gambling (14.10.2011)
http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/services/docs/gambling/workshops/w...
(contribution by Joe McNamee - EDRi)
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Deutsch: Russische Regierung will Kontrolle über Online-Medien übernehmen
Roskomnadzor, Russia's federal supervisory agency for communications, information technology and mass media, is presently testing a search software to trace "extremist" content on the Internet, planning to start using it in December 2011.
The software will check text, audio and video footage on the Web for words and phrases containing calls for violence, social and national hatred, information on manufacturing and dissemination of drugs etc.
In case the respective software decides, based on rather vague criteria, that a certain website has "extremist" content, the site is given three days to remove it and, in case of non-compliance, is sent two more warnings and then is closed down - a sort of four strikes system.
"Our main concern is Roskomnadzor's very broad definition of 'extremist' content and the arbitrary and disproportionate nature of the sanctions that can include website closure. The creation of this software will establish a generalized system of surveillance of the Russian Internet that could eventually lead to the withdrawal of all content that troubles the authorities. It will inevitably restrict the free flow of information," said Reporters Without Borders.
At the same time, the government wants to use software designed to scan and monitor anything posted online about the Russian government and judicial system and any European Union statement concerning Russia as it came out when the Minister of Justice announced a contest for the design of such software.
As the Russian authorities have become more and more aware about the power of the Internet they seem to plan more and more measures to control it. On 2 August 2011, Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev called for a greater surveillance of the Internet under the pretext of keeping the Russian youth from going to "extremism".
Bloggers have also entered under the authorities' scrutiny with the increase of their presence into the social life and of their influence. With much of the Russian media already under control, bloggers have revealed important stories on issues ranging from parking to high-level corruption.
"In the last two years, a huge amount of stories have first appeared on the blogosphere and only then made it onto federal television and into newspapers. If these stories hadn't first been seized upon by bloggers, the blogosphere, and social media, then it is more than possible they would never have come to light," said blogger Aleksandr Morozov.
During the last two years the authorities have targeted blogs and other online media by expanding the legislation on extremism and slander, which can easily be abused due to its vague drafting.
There have been several cases when search engine filtered the results so that they should not show any news from certain websites, or websites have been under cyber-attacks, mails or Twitter accounts have been reported of being hacked, Most these websites, blogs or accounts were critical towards the Russian government.
Government eager to use Net surveillance software currently in test phase
(28.10.2011)
http://en.rsf.org/russia-government-eager-to-use-net-28-10-2011,41309....
Russia: Bots To Look For Extremism Online (22.03.2011)
http://globalvoicesonline.org/2011/03/22/russia-bots-to-looks-for-extr...
As Russian Bloggers Gain Prominence, The Kremlin Takes Notice (12.10.2011)
http://www.rferl.org/content/russian_bloggers_gain_prominence_kremlin_...
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Deutsch: EP: Fluggastdaten-Abkommen mit Australien beschlossen
As expected, the European Parliament (EP) gave its consent to the agreement on Passenger Name Records with Australia (yes 463, no 96, abstentions 11) on 27 October 2011. It had already been signed by the Australian Ambassador, Brendan Nelson, and Ambassador Jan Tombinski on behalf of the EU on 29 September and approved by the EP's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) on 17 October.
As a result of the agreement, a total of 19 categories of travel data including credit card information, phone numbers, meal preferences and IP addresses are being transferred and stored for 5.5 years by Australian authorities. The retention period has therefore not been reduced compared to the 2008 agreement.
In its Resolutions of 5 May 2010 and 11 November 2010 the European Parliament had raised several concerns regarding this agreement: it asked for judicial oversight, for a legal proportionality test, for a detailed opinion by the Fundamental Rights Agency, for a ban of data mining and profiling and for the limitation of the length of storage periods. Having received none of these safeguards, that it had previously considered essential for the protection of the fundamental rights of European citizens, the Parliament nonetheless chose to abandon its previous position and support the proposal. Up to date, no evidence has been provided that the collection, storage and processing of this range of personal data for this length of time is proportionate and necessary.
In reaction to the European Parliament's consent to the agreement, several Members of the European Parliament voiced criticism. Albrecht (Greens/EFA, Germany) called the agreement "disproportionate", while Ehrenhauser (Non-aligned/Austria) said the result of the vote was a "severe blow to the credibility of the European Parliament as a guardian of civil rights in Europe."
This is the first of three proposed agreements on the transfer of travel data from the EU to third countries. The USA and Canada want to store data of millions of transatlantic air passengers for 15 years. Moreover, the EU is planning a European system for using PNR data to cover all flights in and out of Europe, while the UK has demanded PNR profiling also for intra-EU flights.
The Council was so confident of the Parliament abandoning its previously held views on this dossier that it published a background note (page 8) with the result, a full two days before MEPs actually voted on the EU-Australia agreement.
Justice and Home Affairs Council (25.10.2011)
http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/jha/1...
(Contribution by Kirsten Fiedler - EDRi)
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Deutsch: Finnischer Provider soll "The Pirate Bay" sperren
Hot on the heels of a Belgian court decision obligating two ISPs to block the Pirate Bay, the Helsinki District Court ruled on 26 October 2011 that the large Finnish ISP Elisa must block access to The Pirate Bay from its network, or face a 100 000 Euros fine. The block must take effect by 18 November 2011.
Elisa says it will appeal the ruling. In Elisa's view, such blocks are ineffective against online copyright infringement.
The case was brought in May against Elisa by the Copyright Information and Anti-Piracy Centre (CIAPC) on behalf of IFPI Finland on the basis that they claimed to have identified Elisa as the operator with most Pirate Bay users.
The ruling says Elisa must remove The Pirate Bay's domain names from its DNS service and block traffic to the IP addresses of The Pirate Bay. The ruling has been criticized as vague since neither the domain names or the IP addresses were specified, so Elisa now has the burden of determining which domain names and IP addresses belong to The Pirate Bay.
The ruling is a temporary injunction and requires charges to be brought against The Pirate Bay itself within 30 days. This may make the whole issue moot since The Pirate Bay's founders have already been tried in Swedish courts, and according to the law they cannot be tried twice for the same deed.
There are rumours that the Elisa block will already have been circumvented by the time it is enacted. There is an old saying that the Internet sees censorship as damage and routes around it. That is exactly what happened in Belgium.
Belgian court: Two ISPs must block access to The Pirate Bay (5.10.2011)
http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number9.19/belgium-isp-blocking-pirate-ba...
ENDitorial: Belgian music industry acts to undermine copyright law
(19.10.2011)
http://www.edri.org/edrigram/number9.20/belgian-music-industry-copyrig...
Elisa press release (only in Finnish, 26.10.2011)
http://www.elisa.fi/ir/pressi/index.cfm?t=100&o=5120&did=17563
TorrentFreak: Finnish ISP Ordered To Block The Pirate Bay (26.10.2011)
http://torrentfreak.com/finnish-isp-ordered-to-block-the-pirate-bay-11...
Yle News: Music producers challenge Pirate Bay (26.05.2011)
http://yle.fi/uutiset/news/2011/05/music_producers_challenge_pirate_ba...
(Contribution by Timo Karjalainen EDRi-member Effi- Finland)
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Deutsch: Ukraine: Gesetz zum Schutz der öffentlichen Ordnung bedroht Redefreih...
The Ukrainian Parliament approved on 18 October 2011, in first reading, a draft law that proposes amendments to the present law on the Protection of Public Decency Law, which puts freedom of speech at risk.
The draft bill is said to be aimed at banning pornography, the use of words or images of an "obscene, vulgar and brutal" nature, extremist and offensive content and the defence of violence, in the print and broadcast media including the Internet.
However, the text is so vague and broad in its definitions and so open to interpretation that it may easily lead to the limitation of the press freedom. The promotion of "terrorism and other forms of criminal activity" can easily be misinterpreted or used to penalise any kind of criticism of the government.
The notion of the defence of "public decency" covers a very large range of subjects including appeals for war, "Ukrainophobia," humiliation of handicapped persons and promotion of cigarette smoking which are all equally treated as crimes.
Even more disturbingly, the bill gives the National Commission of Ukraine for Protection of Public Morals the power to determine the degree to which any content comes under a banned category, and require, without the need for a court order, Internet Service Providers to "restrict free access" to the respective content within 24 hours. There is no supervision of the committee and no mechanism to appeal its decisions.
Ukrainian journalists and NGOs are worried that the bill may be used to restrict the freedom of press and that acts of provocation may even be used to shut down websites that are critical of the authorities.
International groups such as Reporters without Borders, the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) together with its European group, the European Federation of Journalists, have expressed their concern related to the draft bill and urged the Ukrainian Government to dismiss the law in its second reading.
"This draft legislation leaves press freedom in the balance and suggests that Ukrainian authorities are pursuing less than high minded intentions of gagging media. We urge Parliament to strike this bill out and work with the media in exposing prejudice and hatred. Journalists should be left to police their profession through self -regulation and existing civil laws can address any press offences," said Jim Boumelha, IFJ President. Reporters Without Borders draws attention on the fact that the draft bill is in violation of the European Convention on Human Rights and of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
"We regret that this bill does not weigh the legitimate need to combat terrorism and pornography against the public's right to information about subjects of general interest. This principle nonetheless lies at the heart of all the rulings that have been handed down by the European Court of Human Rights," states the organisation reminding that the bearer of bad news should not be confused with those responsible with them. "Journalists and bloggers are not responsible for the events they have a duty to report."
Appeal to Parliament about dangers of "public decency" bill (28.10.2011)
http://en.rsf.org/ukraine-appeal-to-parliament-about-dangers-28-10-201...
New Ukrainian Law Could Block Any Site Including Facebook or Youtube
(18.10.2011)
http://world.maidan.org.ua/2011/new-ukrainian-law-could-block-any-site...
Draft law with Amendments to the Ukraine Law "On the Protection of Public
Morals" (only in Ukrainian,10.2011)
http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=38551
European Journalists Warn of Threat to Press Freedom in Ukraine ahead of Key
Debate on Protection of 'Public Morals' Bill (27.10.2011)
http://world.maidan.org.ua/2011/european-journalists-warn-of-threat-to...'public-morals-bill
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Deutsch: Abstimmung zur Netzneutralität im Europäischen Parlament
The industry committee (ITRE) of the European Parliament unanimously adopted the resolution on the open Internet and net neutrality on 20 October 2011. All compromise amendments as well as amendments 7, 8, 45, 46, 47, 56, 57 (from the full amendment list, below) have been adopted.
Overall, the result is far better than initially expected and underlines the importance of the principle of net neutrality as crucial for innovation, competition, freedom of expression and the value of the open Internet for society.
In its position paper, EDRi pointed out the dangerous use of terms like "lawful content" or the "promotion of intellectual property rights" by ISPs as initially proposed, ironically, by the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Committee. As highlighted in EDRi's position paper, in a society based on the rule of law, only a judge should be able to decide what is legal or not - so the European Parliament clearly should not be asking or demanding that Internet intermediaries make decisions on what citizens may or may not access online. During negotiations on the compromise amendments between the shadow rapporteurs, these references have been successfully deleted. Only amendment 7 (Recital D a) still mentions "lawful content," but this is only with regard to restrictions on net neutrality in third countries.
There was support across the political spectrum for the demand that the BEREC (EU regulators body) investigate whether "further regulatory measures" are needed, within six months after the publication of its report on net neutrality. This is a slight improvement to the Commission's "wait and see" approach.
Some paragraphs however are still not providing sufficient safeguards to prevent dangerous experimentation with the nature of the Internet in the EU. Paragraph 7, for instance still permits that operators engage in discriminatory traffic management practices in cases of "congestion" allowing them to use this as an excuse to sell priority plans and, potentially, create an incentive not to invest in networks.
The resolution will be put to a vote during a plenary session in November. No further amendments are possible, but political groups may still propose alternative texts to be put to the vote.
Compromise amendments
http://www.edri.org/files/2011NetNeutrality/NNresolution_CAs_FINAL.pdf
Full amendment list
http://www.edri.org/files/2011NetNeutrality/2011AmendmentsNNRes.pdf
EDRi position paper (7.10.2011)
http://www.edri.org/files/2011NetNeutrality/07102011EDRi_Netneutrality...
First draft of the Resolution
http://www.edri.org/files/2011NetNeutrality/DRAFT_Resolution_875940_ne...
(Contribution by Joe McNamee - EDRi)
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Deutsch: Österreichische Big Brother Awards 2011
The 13th consecutive Austrian Big Brother Awards were held in Vienna's Rabenhof Theatre on 25 October 2011. Entrance had to be closed an hour before starting, the theatre was already packed then. 350+ people watched the show inside, many more saw the live stream or assembled at public viewings in Vienna, Graz and Linz.
The event was moderated by Austrian comedian Dieter Chmelar, accompanied by a fantastic showband, plus two more live music acts on stage. The laudators ranged from the chief editor of Austria's largest weekly magazine to distinguished university professors. VIPs on stage: Juan Manuel Biain, director of the movie "Article 12", James Vasile presenting the Freedom Box and Peter Franck, president of the Chaos Computer Club.
The naming and shaming ceremony was accompanied by fits of laughter and applause. The indispensable booos broke the 100 dB level, when Austrian tabloid press veteran and declared enemy of privacy, Wolfgang Fellner, was awarded a BBA coming with the title "grandpa of incest journalism." The other losers who won: the CEO of Telekom Austria, the Ministers of Interior and Justice, the head of the anti-terror police unit, a lifelong menace award was cashed in by Mark Zuckerberg. The "Defensor Libertatis" was awarded to Max Schrems & Austrian commilitones, for the "Europe versus Facebook" campaign.
The 13th Austrian BBAs were organized by EDRi-member quintessenz and supported by a gallant crowd of individuals from other organizations like VIBE!, the Austrian anti Data Retention platform, no-pnr.org, artists & c.
Nominations for BBA Austria 2011 (only in German)
http://www.bigbrotherawards.at/2011/nominieren.php
Photo Gallery
http://www.300dpi.at/bba11/
Europe vs Facebook
http://europe-v-facebook.org/EN/en.html
(Contribution by Erich M.- EDRi-member quintessenz - Austria)
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Deutsch: Google: Deutlich mehr Löschanfragen von Regierungen
Macedonian: Сè поголем број владини барања за отстранување содржини од Google
A Transparency Report issued by Google shows an increasing level of government requests of private data and content takedown, during the period January - June 2011.
It is the first time that Google reveals not only information on the number of requests by governments, law enforcement agencies and courts for personal data but also requests to takedown content that allegedly infringes rights or breaks the law.
"All too often, policy that affects how information flows on the Internet is created in the absence of empirical data. But by showing traffic patterns and disruptions to our services, and by sharing how many government requests for content removal and user data we receive from around the world, we hope to offer up some metrics to contribute to a public conversation about the laws that influence how people communicate online" stated Google regarding its Transparency Report.
According to this report, governments around the world requested private data on about 25 500 people, out of which 11 000 were US requests. The number of the US requests was probably higher than the figures revealed by the report considering the secret and classified ones for reasons of national security.
While the UK government made requests based on privacy, inciting violence or hate speech and "other" (which includes civil law cases and court orders), which Google partially or fully complied with at a 82% rate, the German government appears to be mostly concerned with extremism problems, particularly relating to Nazi-related material posted on YouTube. Germany's takedown requests appear to have gone up by 38%, showing an increasing need to control the online content posted by its citizens.
The report also notices an increase by over 25% (compared to the previous reporting period) in user data requests especially from France and Spain. Other European countries, such as Poland and Russia see their name appearing on the list for the first time.
Turkish court orders and requests from the Telecommunications Communication Presidency of the Information and Communications Technologies Authority to remove YouTube videos and blogs are also indicated in the report. Blogger was partially inaccessible in Turkey during this time period and Google imposed restrictions on Turkish users from accessing YouTube videos that appeared to violate local laws and removed the blogs for violating Blogger's Terms of Service.
Google has also released the raw data behind the requests to allow developers and researchers to analyse it and corroborate it with information from other organizations in order to establish hypotheses about government online behaviours.
By revealing these figures, the report makes it obvious that governments need to update their old legislation which has not kept pace with the development of modern electronic technology.
More data, more transparency around government requests (25.10.2011)
http://googlepolicyeurope.blogspot.com/2011/10/more-data-more-transpar...
Google Transparency Report - January to June 2011
http://www.google.com/transparencyreport/governmentrequests/
Google: US law enforcement tried to get videos removed from YouTube
(25.10.2011)
http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/oct/25/google-transparency-r...
Google's transparency report reveals sharp rise in takedown requests
(26.10.2011)
http://www.zdnet.com/blog/london/googles-transparency-report-reveals-s...
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Deutsch: Europäische Kommission fördert Digitalisierung des Kulturerbes
An EC Recommendation issued on 28 October 2011 is urging Member States to intensify their efforts and involve the private sector to help in digitising cultural material in order to improve the exposure and stocks of Europe's digital library Europeana.
The Recommendation, which updates a 2006 version, has taken into consideration the Member States' progress reports from 2008 and 2010 and assigns a precise target, establishing a minimum content contribution for each state so as to reach 30 million objects introduced in Europeana by 2015, as compared to the 19 million available today. Among the items included, the recommendation has in view Europe's masterpieces no longer protected by copyright and all material digitised with public funding.
Adopting measures to support cultural and creative industries and ensuring a sustainable model to finance Europeana are among the goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe.
The Recommendation invites Member States to set up solid investment plans and create partnerships with private entities to share digitisation costs and provides key principles for fair and balanced partnerships. It also recommends getting more out-of-commerce material online, by "creating the legal framework conditions enabling large-scale digitisation and cross-border accessibility of out-of-commerce works."
States should reinforce their strategies and adapt their legislation in order to provide for a long-term preservation of the digital material. One method could be to eliminate the technical protection measures that impede the librarians to preserve the works.
Private partners are needed as, according to the Commission's estimation, the cost for the digitisation of the collections of Europe's museums, archives and libraries, is about 100 billion Euro.
Private investments have already been done for digitisation. In 2010, Google Inc. worked with Belgium Ghent University to scan out-of-copyright books, resulting in 100 000 volumes available now on Europeana. The project was part of Google Books, through which, over one million public-domain books were made available online.
The British Film Institute (BFI) is also calling for donations to raise 2 million pounds in order to restore and preserve nine early silent films by director Alfred Hitchcock.
On digitisation, there is "extreme urgency (given) the current shifts in technology. Some European countries have stopped distributing film prints, which has had a very rapid effect with the imminent disappearance of suppliers and skills relating to film," said Brian Robinson, communications manager, Archive and Heritage at the BFI.
The commission is also in the process of overhauling copyright rules, including "orphan works" (cases where the creator or rights holder cannot be found).
Digital Agenda: encouraging digitisation of EU culture to help boost growth
(28.10.2011)
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/11/1292&...
EU Calls for Digitization of Cultural Heritage (28.10.2011)
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203554104577003590312279...
Europeana: Commission sets precise targets to states (28.10.2011)
http://www.europolitics.info/social/europeana-commission-sets-precise-...
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Deutsch: Mitmachen!
Austrians: sign the petition asking the Austrian Parliament
to oblige the government to engage against the data retention directive
on EU level, and to evaluate the whole set of existing anti-terror
legislation. Set up by Austrian AKVorrat. (only in German)
http://www.akvorrat.at/
Anti-ACTA videos
http://www.laquadrature.net/en/video-acta-get-informed-take-action
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Deutsch: Lesestoff
New translations of the EDRi's ACTA booklet:
Romanian
http://apti.ro/sites/default/files/De%20ce%20ACTA%20un%20acord%20contr...
Hungarian
http://www.edri.org/files/ACTA/EDRi-brochure-on-ACTA_Hun.pdf
European Parliament releases "nonexistent" coordinators' minutes on ACTA
http://acta.ffii.org/?p=849
US: Disastrous IP Legislation Is Back - And It's Worse than Ever
https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2011/10/disastrous-ip-legislation-back-%...
UK: Met police using surveillance system to monitor mobile phones
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/oct/30/metropolitan-police-mobile-ph...
Sebastian Haunss , Kenneth C. Shadlen - Politics Of Intellectual Property
Contestation Over the Ownership, Use, and Control of Knowledge and
Information
http://www.ipgovernance.eu/publications/HaunssShadlen2009_Intro.pdf
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Deutsch: Agenda
2-3 November 2011, Mexico City, Mexico
33rd International Conference of Data Protection and Privacy Commissioners
Privacy: The Global Age
http://www.privacyconference2011.org/index.php?lang=Eng
8-9 November 2011, Brussels, Belgium
Hack4Transparency
http://www.euhackathon.eu/
9 November 2011, Bucharest, Romania
Inet Conference: Access, Trust and Freedom: Coordinates for future Internet
http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/inet/11/bucharest-agenda.shtml
11-13 November 2011, Munich, Germany
FIfF annual congress: Dialectics in Information Security:
Colliding Interests of Anonymity, Integrity and Confidentiality
http://fiff.de/2011
11-13 November 2011, Gothenburg, Sweden
FSCONS is the Nordic countries' largest gathering for free culture, free
software and a free society.
http://fscons.org/
24-25 November 2011, Vienna, Austria
"Our Internet - Our Rights, Our Freedoms"
Towards the Council of Europe Strategy on Internet Governance 2012 - 2015
http://www.coe.int/t/informationsociety/conf2011/
27-30 December 2011, Berlin, Germany
28C3 - 28th Chaos Communication Congress
http://events.ccc.de/category/28c3/
http://events.ccc.de/congress/2011/
25-27 January 2012, Brussels, Belgium
Computers, Privacy and Data Protection 2012
http://www.cpdpconferences.org/
14-15 June 2012, Stockholm, Sweden
EuroDIG 2012
http://www.eurodig.org/